(b)        Risk and Return Analysis in Fixed Income Securities.

(c)        Type of Fixed Income Securities including hybrid instruments.

(b)        Duration and Convexity:

(i)         Duration.

(ii)        Convexity including modified and Maculay Duration.

(c)        Price value of basis points (PVBP).

(d)        Spot Rate.

(e)        Forward rate.

(f)         Bootstrapping.

(b)        The bond traders arsenal of economic indicators:

(i)         Inflation.

(ii)        Monetary policy.

(iii)      Government deficits.

(iv)      Currency valuation.

(c)        The subprime crisis and the role of debt markets in the crisis – Then and now.

(b)        Bond portfolio management strategies:

(i)         What is a bond portfolio strategy.

(ii)        Types of bond management strategy.

(iii)      Active, passive, neutral strategy.